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Battle of Chuenpee
The First Battle of Chuenpee〔Hoe, Susanna; Roebuck, Derek (1999). ''The Taking of Hong Kong: Charles and Clara Elliot in China Waters''. Curzon Press. p. xviii. ISBN 0-7007-1145-7. "Elliot wrote Chuenpee for what some have written Chuenpi and is called Chuanbi in pinyin".〕 was fought between British and Chinese ships at the entrance of the Bocca Tigris, China, on 3 November 1839 during the First Opium War. The British ''Hyacinth'' and ''Volage'' opened fire on Chinese ships they perceived as being hostile.
== Background ==
For foreign ships to be allowed to dock in Canton for trade, Chinese authorities required a signed bond agreeing not to trade opium. Captain Charles Elliot, Chief Superintendent of British Trade in China, ordered British ships not to sign the bond, since it stated that if opium was found, the cargo would be confiscated and the perpetrators executed. It also interfered with their free trade goal.〔Elleman, Bruce A. (2001). ''Modern Chinese Warfare, 1795-1989''. Routledge. pp. 18–20. ISBN 0-415-21474-2.〕 In October 1839, the ''Thomas Coutts'' cargo ship under Captain Warner arrived in Canton from Singapore. The ship carried cotton from Bombay, and, since Warner was not trading opium, he defied Elliot's request by signing the bond. He held a legal view that Elliot's ban on the signing was not valid under English law.〔''Additional Correspondence Relating to China''. Great Britain Foreign Office (1838). pp. 8–9.〕〔Hanes, William Travis; Sanello, Frank (2004). ''The Opium Wars: The Addiction of One Empire and the Corruption of Another''. Sourcebooks. pp. 68–70. ISBN 1-4022-0149-4.〕
Before Warner left China, Imperial Commissioner Lin Zexu gave him a letter addressed to Queen Victoria in which he disapproved the use of opium and requested the opium trade to stop. After arriving in London, he handed the letter to a co-owner of the ''Thomas Coutts'', who asked for an appointment with Foreign Secretary Lord Palmerston. After Palmerston's office refused to see him, Warner forwarded the letter to ''The Times'', which published it.〔 Viewing Warner's defiance as a threat to his authority, Elliot ordered HMS ''Hyacinth'' and HMS ''Volage'' to be positioned south of the Chuenpee battery on 27 October for a blockade.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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